Over ten million adults in England alone are drinking above the recommended daily alcohol limits. Alcohol related hospital admissions topped the one million mark for the first time in 2009/10. According to government figures, around a third of men and a fifth of women are now drinking at levels which are harmful to their health.
Regular over-drinking of Alcohol can cause a wide range of physical damage and can significantly increase the risk of alcohol-related or cause psychological harm - and the more you drink the greater the risk.
In terms of risk, people who drink alcohol are often broken down into three categories (lower risk, increasing risk and higher risk drinkers).
The health risks of excess alcohol include: Weight problems, Stomach upsets, Headaches, Anxiety, stress, depression, poor concentration, difficulty in sleeping and raised blood pressure. More serious effects include: Accidents and injuries, Liver disease, Cancers, Strokes, memory loss, sexual difficulties.
High blood pressure, heart disease, stroke. The so-called French Paradox, where the French appear to have a lower risk of heart disease despite being a nation of wine drinkers is often used as an excuse by wine drinking Brits. Although research has found that regularly drinking small amounts of alcohol may reduce the risk of a heart disease in men over 40 and post menopausal women, for most people alcohol increases the risk of high blood pressure, and in turn, heart attack and stroke, two of the UK’s biggest killers.
According to the Department of Health, men who regularly drink more than eight units of alcohol a day are four times more likely to develop high blood pressure. Women who drink six units a day double their risk of high blood pressure.
Cancer
According to a recent study in the British Medical Journal, alcohol causes around 13,000 deaths from cancer every year in the UK.
Alcohol is second only to smoking as a risk factor for mouth, throat and neck cancers. As alcohol helps the mouth to absorb smoke, people who smoke and drink alcohol to excess are 30 times more likely to develop mouth cancer. Drinking too much alcohol also increases the risk of colon and liver cancer, and breast cancer in women. Liver cirrhosis, which can be caused by regularly drinking too much, increases the risk of liver cancer.
Liver Disease
Regularly drinking over the limit can cause a build up of fatty deposits in the liver, known as fatty liver disease. At this stage, cutting back or stopping drinking altogether can save this vital organ. But continuing to drink at this level can lead to the liver to becoming inflamed, causing hepatitis, and in some cases, even liver failure and death. Through time, a build up of scar tissue in the liver or fibrosis may result in liver cirrhosis, which is irreversible.
Pancreatitis
Gallstones and heavy drinking are the two most common causes of acute pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas. Around a quarter of cases are thought to be caused by regularly drinking too much. Some people appear to be more susceptible to the condition which can also be extremely painful. Heavy drinking is the most common cause of chronic pancreatitis, where long term inflammation causes permanent damage.
Alcohol Poisoning
In general, the human body can only metabolise one unit of alcohol per hour. So drinking a large amount of alcohol in a short time can cause a rapid rise in the blood alcohol concentration. This may continue even when drinking has stopped, as the alcohol in your stomach continues to be absorbed into the bloodstream. Your blood alcohol concentration can rise to levels which can kill, known as alcohol poisoning. This can also happen when you have stopped drinking, fallen asleep or passed out.
Weight gain
Gram for gram, alcohol is second only to fat as a source of calories. Each UK unit of alcohol contains eight grams of alcohol and seven calories.
They are also known as “empty calories,” because they are of no nutritional benefit whatsoever.
Put into perspective, a medium (175ml) glass of average strength red wine contains around 120 calories; a pint of lager (5%) around 240 calories, and a gin and tonic around 120 calories, so it’s easy to see how alcohol contributes to weight gain.
Studies have shown that we also tend to eat more unhealthy foods - crisps, salted nuts, greasy snacks - as we drink, adding even more calories. When you take into account that around six out of ten people in the UK are now classified as overweight, and one in four as obese - with all the health problems that go with it - then cutting back on alcohol is one of the easiest ways to improve your health.
Sleep problems
If you think alcohol helps you sleep, you’re not alone. A government survey found that 58% of Brits are unaware that alcohol can disrupt sleep. Although it’s true that alcohol will help you fall asleep faster, it interferes with the normal sleep cycle, causing you to wake up during the night and feel unrefreshed in the morning. Alcohol is also a diuretic, and stimulates the body to excrete fluid during the night.
Factsheet: “The impact of alcohol on health”
Alcohol misuse is a major cause of illness, injury and death. The World Health Organisation has identified alcohol as the third largest risk factor to health in developed countries. The number of alcohol-related deaths in the United Kingdom has consistently increased since the early 1990s, and alcohol-related illness or injury accounts for over 945,000 hospital admissions per year. The attached factsheet entitled “The impact of alcohol on health” looks in detail at a number of alcohol-related health effects.